Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Basics Explained
Cryptocurrency is a
digital currency that is decentralized, meaning that it is not controlled by a
government or individual, but rather a network of individuals who are involved
in a network of transactions. Popular cryptocurrencies include Bitcoin,
Litecoin, Etherium, etc. Cryptocurrency is popular because anyone can create
their own cryptocurrency, and it allows for anonymous, untraceable
transactions. Rather than a record of transactions being kept in a single
ledger, the computers of many people around the world work together to record
and verify the transactions that occur using cryptocurrency. The technology
used for these transactions is called blockchain.
When a new transaction using
cryptocurrency occurs, each transaction (with all related information stored in
a “block”) is linked to a “chain” of all previous transactions/blocks in the
chain via a complex cryptographic process. This process is meant to provide
security and accountability for cryptocurrency transactions. Blockchains
require a lot of dedicated computational power and resources in order to
function. When someone devotes their computer’s resources to helping perform
these complex calculations, they are rewarded for their contribution with a
certain amount of cryptocurrency. This process of generating cryptocurrency is
referred to as mining.
If someone wanted to
commit fraud by altering the amount of cryptocurrency they have or changing the
ledger of previous transactions somehow, their new version of the blockchain
would contradict the records of all other computers involved with the network.
It would take an extraordinarily fast and powerful computer to be able to
perform the complex calculations necessary to update the blockchain, and do it
so quickly that they would finish before any other computers had the chance to
react. Currently, many believe blockchain encryption to be unbreakable.
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